Uma parceria firmada entre a Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) e a Prefeitura de Congonhas vai viabilizar estudos e metodologias para enfrentamento da poluição atmosférica no município, especialmente com foco na redução da concentração de poeira. O convênio é pioneiro em Minas Gerais e busca realizar levantamento e diagnóstico das causas da poluição minerária e mitigação de seus efeitos na saúde da população. O estudo, desenvolvido pela UFMG, está sendo acompanhado pelo Núcleo de Monitoramento da Qualidade do Ar e Emissões Atmosféricas da Secretaria de Estado de Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento Sustentável (Semad).
O objetivo é que possam revelar ações e estratégias, que também consigam ser replicadas em outras regiões minerárias do estado. “O Núcleo de Monitoramento da Qualidade do Ar e Emissões Atmosféricas tem empreendido esforços para identificar pontos de melhoria e de piora na qualidade do ar, a fim de apresentar elementos que colaborem para a compreensão de quais medidas adotadas pelos poluidores têm trazido efeitos positivos para a qualidade do ar no município. Nosso objetivo é que essas ações já desenvolvidas pelos empreendedores possam ser mais bem direcionadas, focando sempre no esforço conjunto dos empreendimentos instalados na região”, disse a diretora de Qualidade e Monitoramento Ambiental da Semad, Priscila Koch.
Estudo
O escopo do estudo é bastante amplo e utilizará as melhores ferramentas e técnicas de modelagem da dispersão atmosférica; simulações numéricas computacionais do escoamento turbulento relacionado às pilhas de estocagem e vias de tráfego; avaliação da configuração dos pátios de estocagem; quantificação dos efeitos das metodologias de controle das emissões como, por exemplo: aplicação de tratamento de superfície, barreiras artificiais porosas, barreiras naturais de vegetação, dentre outras. Ele também tratará da calibração de modelo fotoquímico para representar a formação e o transporte de material particulado e ozônio, e seus respectivos impactos na qualidade do ar.
“As iniciativas da prefeitura e o escopo do estudo estão alinhados com o trabalho que vem sendo desenvolvido pela Semad na elaboração e definição de ações e estratégias para a redução das emissões atmosféricas no âmbito do Plano de Controle das Emissões Atmosféricas (PCEA-MG), no qual Congonhas é um dos municípios abrangidos”, destaca o subsecretário de Gestão Ambiental da Semad, Diogo Franco.
Força-tarefa
Desde 2020 o órgão ambiental vem apoiando tecnicamente e subsidiando as discussões com o município e empreendimentos por meio do acompanhamento dos dados de monitoramento da qualidade do ar.
Um dos resultados das discussões e de todos os esforços empenhados foi a criação de um projeto piloto no Distrito de Lobo Leite, que se consistiu em um plano de ação com a participação de empresas instaladas ao redor e a comunidade para a realização de ações de mitigação de poeira fora dos limites dos empreendimentos, que surtiram efeitos positivos na qualidade do ar.
Atribuições da Semad
A Semad tem a atribuição de realizar o acompanhamento dos níveis de concentração dos poluentes no ar ambiente, de fazer a divulgação diária do índice de qualidade do ar e de sistematizar a análise de dados para subsidiar o aprimoramento das políticas públicas, em cumprimento a um Termo de Ajustamento de Conduta (TAC) firmado entre o Ministério Público Estadual (MP) e as empresas.
Monitoramento da qualidade do ar
Em junho de 2017, foi criado o Centro Supervisório de Monitoramento do Ar no município, com o objetivo de monitorar as concentrações de poluentes atmosféricos devido à intensa atividade minerária.
Em 2018, foi implementada a rede de monitoramento da qualidade do ar na cidade, com a instalação de 13 estações de monitoramento nos bairros Matriz, Basílica, Jardim Profeta, Pires, Plataforma e Lobo Leite, além de sete nas áreas das mineradoras CSN Mineração, Vale, Ferrous, Ferro+ e Gerdau.
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